# Object Detection and Bounding Boxes

## Bounding Boxes
To represent a box, we need four numbers. We provide 2 ways of representing a box and their transferring functions here:

```Python
def box_corner_to_center(boxes):

    """Convert from (upper-left, lower-right) to (center, width, height).
    input: boxes m x 4 list, every row is a box and every column is a number. 
    """
    x1, y1, x2, y2 = boxes[:, 0], boxes[:, 1], boxes[:, 2], boxes[:, 3]
    cx = (x1 + x2) / 2
    cy = (y1 + y2) / 2
    w = x2 - x1
    h = y2 - y1
    boxes = torch.stack((cx, cy, w, h), axis=-1)
    return boxes

def box_center_to_corner(boxes):
    """Convert from (center, width, height) to (upper-left, lower-right)."""
    cx, cy, w, h = boxes[:, 0], boxes[:, 1], boxes[:, 2], boxes[:, 3]
    x1 = cx - 0.5 * w
    y1 = cy - 0.5 * h
    x2 = cx + 0.5 * w
    y2 = cy + 0.5 * h
    boxes = torch.stack((x1, y1, x2, y2), axis=-1)
    return boxes
```

```Python
def bbox_to_rect(bbox, color):
    """Convert bounding box to matplotlib format."""
    # Convert the bounding box (upper-left x, upper-left y, lower-right x,
    # lower-right y) format to the matplotlib format: ((upper-left x,
    # upper-left y), width, height)
    return d2l.plt.Rectangle(
        xy=(bbox[0], bbox[1]), 
        width=bbox[2] - bbox[0],
        height=bbox[3] - bbox[1], 
        fill=False, 
        edgecolor=color,
        linewidth=2)

fig = d2l.plt.imshow(img)
fig.axes.add_patch(bbox_to_rect(dog_bbox, 'blue'))
fig.axes.add_patch(bbox_to_rect(cat_bbox, 'red'));
```

## Anchor Boxes
Used to train ground-truth bounding box.